I don't think that bolt is any thing special. It goes through and holds a steel sleeve against the caliper mount. The caliper slides on the sleeve.
There isn't much force applied by the bolt. the main force on the caliper is transferred to the two edges the caliper rides on of the bracket. Where the two chrome steel parts Are.
I think if you took you caliper and bracket to a good hardware store you should be able to find one that will work.
A 77 XS400D on boats.net shows a 90105-08145-00 part number. From what I've read the center part of that number is the bolt size, the 08145 means a 8 mm bolt 145 mm long.
Seeing as those are the same brakes as used on the 77 up XS650's I went out and got one out of one of my bikes. The bolt is an 8 mm but from the head to the end of the threads is 150 mm.
They have a washer kinda built on the head. This don't matter much. If you go to the hardware store just get a bolt long enough, but not so long as it protrudes out past the edge of the bracket. If it does protrude a bit that's not so bad, just grind it back a bit.
Leo